Bioplasm machine-research of urinary bladder

Full-scale Bioplasm machine-research of 365 patients (aged 26 – 83) with malignant tumoral affection of urinary bladder was performed in the Institute named after Gertsen P.A. 317 patients (86.8%) suffered from bladder cancer, 4 patients (1.1%) had sarcoma, 6 patients (1.6%) suffered from tumor deposits of another primary site, 2 patients (0.5%) had malignant non-Hodgkins lymphoma with bladder affection, 36 patients (9.9%) had tumor ingrowths into bladder wall from the adjacent organs. Male patients consisted the majority – 273 patients (74.8%) and 92 female patients (25.2%).

All patients were examined using Bioplasm machine-research of urinary bladder. In all cases the microscanning of urinary bladder wall with spectral-entropy analysis of tissue structures was performed to provide differential diagnostics of various cancer types.

All patients were operated on not later than 2 weeks after performance of NLS-research, the data of morphological research were compared with the results of NLS-ultramicroscanning with spectral-entropy analysis.

We have carried out NLS-ultramicroscopic research of 28 patients with no urinary bladder pathologies to examine NLS-ultramicroscopic features of healthy urinary bladder wall.
Website:http://www.qrmachina.com

NLS-semiotics of pulmonary gangrene

NLS-semiotics of pulmonary gangrene differed by significant diversification of a picture due to spreading of purulent-destructive process to the whole lung with involvement of pleura and, as a result, a combination of various NLS-symptoms. Analysis of NLS-image was carried out taking into account the whole clinical picture. After taking as a basis of classification the leading symptom we nominally singled out three NLS-variants of gangrene. At the first variant (11 patients) in a lung against the background of massive inflammatory infiltration we detected a major cavity of destruction with mainly liquid content, NLS-picture was analogous to gangrenous abscess with insufficient spontaneous drainage. Walls of a cavity were not visualized, it was limited by lung parenchyma, in certain areas the line between them was indistinct.
At the second variant (7 patients) in the picture prevailed total thickening (accompanied by increasing of chromogeneity) of a lobe or the whole lung with presence of multiple roundish achromogenic areas due to lesser air cavities of destruction. In 3 patients, apart from air cavities, there were hyperchromogenic fluid-containing cavities of decay (6 point), in one patient they prevailed in the structure of gangrenous lung. In 8 of 18 patients with first two variants of gangrene a pleural empyema with the typical picture appeared.
The third variant of lung gangrene (4 patients) had a course with development of pyopneumothorax, when a massive pleural fluid with heterogeneous suspension and achromogenic inclusions of air was the leading echo-symptom. Gangrenous changes in a pulmonary tissue were characterized by one of above mentioned variants: a major cavity with purulent content of multiple lesser nidi of destruction.

Thus, NLS-research of thorax is an informative, radiologically safe method of purulent-destructive lungs and pleura diseases diagnostics, allowing to not only acquire additional information, but to carry out primary examination and dynamic monitoring. NLS-semiotics of pathological changes in a lung is diverse and depends, first of all, on focal or diffuse character of lung affection. Analysis of NLS-picture makes possible to define a character and severity a purulent-destructive process in a lung (acute purulent or gangrenous abscess, abscess forming pneumonia, gangrene), its spreading to pleural cavity (empyema, pyopneumothorax). The common factor, which determines NLS-picture of purulent cavity at abscess and abscess forming pneumonia, is a condition of its spontaneous drainage, which is evaluated by quantity and character of distribution of achromogenic air areas in a cavity. The main symptom of pleural empyema is a presence of a thick chromogeneous suspension in pleural fluid; at pyopneumothorax achromogenic air areas appear. NLS-semiotics of gangrene is quite diverse due to the greatest severity of destructive changes and is formed by focal and diffuse changes in a lung, although its clinical course may be characterized by prevalence of one of these variants.

Website:http://www.qrmachina.com

Possibilities of NLS-study methods in examination of certain skin diseases

Wide spread of skin diseases dictates a necessity in early and maximum accurate diagnostics, because severe forms of skin diseases decrease greatly quality of life of a patient and his family, promote development of a psychosomatic disorders. Visual evaluation of symptoms and severity of a disease often has subjective nature.

From histological point of view skin consists of two layers: epidermis and derma which are closely connected. On histological cross-cuts of skin a line between epidermis and derma looks uneven due to presence of many dermal papillae divided by outgrowths of epidermis. Epidermis consists of several layers: basal, spinous, granular and horny. In epidermis of palms and feet, between granular and horny layers there is additional layer – stratum lucidum. Sometimes the aggregate of basal, spinous and granular layers is called a malpighian layer.

Derma is a connective basis of skin, where perspiratory and sebaceous glands, blood and lymph vessels, nerves and smooth muscles are located. There are papillary and reticular layers of derma. Papillary layer, located under epidermis, and a part of reticular layer conditionally form upper derma; layer of derma located at the level of pilosebaceous unit is indicated as middle derma; the underlying layer containing perspiratory glands, bordering subcutaneous fat, is called a deep derma.

Blood vessels of skin form two anatomic plexuses: a deep one, located next to subcutaneous fat, and a superficial one, located in sub-papillary layer. They consist of microcirculatory bloodstream vessels: arterioles, venules and capillary tubes.

Total thickness of skin without subcutaneous fat varies from bits of a millimeter to 4 mm.

Exiting systems for NLS-diagnostics (“Metatron”-4019) are equipped with high-frequency linear generators (1.4 GHz) allowing to visualize the most superficial structures, in particular skin. However to evaluate condition of ultrafine structures of skin such frequency is not enough sometimes. That is why dermatologists started to use special devices with sensors of 40 GHz operating frequency, which allow to see the finest structures of skin layers down to the level of large carbohydrate molecules and peptides. But at the same time due to significant cost of such equipment if becomes unaffordable for wide application in the majority of clinics. Taking into account a need in evaluation of regional lymph nodes and tumors of soft tissues, apparently the optimal decision is to use devices for non-linear diagnostics equipped with non-linear sensors of 4.9 GHz operating frequency (“Metatron”-4025, the IPP, Russia).

“Metatron”-4025 system has axial resolution of 30 µm. Application of this device allows to study epidermis on cellular and sub-cellular levels.

Nowadays objectives and limits of three-dimensional NLS-ultramicroscanning research in dermatology have become very broad.

Website:http://www.qrmachina.com

Auxiliary treatment of covid-19 patients with oxygen concentrator

Working Principle
The Oxygen Concentrator adopts the advanced (PSA) pressure swing adsorption air separation technology, which is based on the difference of adsorbability of adsorbents (zeolite molecular sieve) to nitrogen and oxygen in air, and the different adsorption characteristics of the sorbent under different pressure to achieve the separation of oxygen and nitrogen.
There are two pressure swing adsorption towers filled with molecular sieve in the oxygen making machine. When the air enters the adsorption tower A, which contains the adsorbents, the nitrogen adsorption capacity is strong and the oxygen is not adsorbed. When the air is pressurized, the nitrogen in the air can be adsorbed, the unabsorbed oxygen is collected into a gas collecting chamber at the lower end of the adsorption tower. After the set intake cycle is completed, the adsorption tower A ends the intake to produce oxygen and enters the nitrogen removal process, while the other adsorption tower B enters the nitrogen removal process simultaneously, and uses the oxygen separated from the adsorption tower B to reverse blow the adsorption tower A, the nitrogen adsorbed by molecular sieve in adsorption tower A is blown back into the ambient air, and the nitrogen can be adsorbed again at the next pressurization to make oxygen. The whole process is dynamic and cyclic, and molecular sieve is not consumed. In this way, high concentration of oxygen can be obtained at the outlet of the adsorption tower. PSA (pressure swing adsorption) technology is called because of the characteristic of adsorbents which change with the pressure, so the adsorbents can be adsorbed alternately.
Scope of application
Oxygen therapy or relieving all kinds of discomfort caused by Hypoxia.

Main Structure
The product is composed of host, flow meter, Humidifier bottle, oxygen absorption tube, oxygen absorption mask and atomizer.

Working Principle
The Oxygen Concentrator adopts the advanced (PSA) pressure swing adsorption air separation technology, which is based on the difference of adsorbability of adsorbents (zeolite molecular sieve) to nitrogen and oxygen in air, and the different adsorption characteristics of the sorbent under different pressure to achieve the separation of oxygen and nitrogen.
There are two pressure swing adsorption towers filled with molecular sieve in the oxygen making machine. When the air enters the adsorption tower A, which contains the adsorbents, the nitrogen adsorption capacity is strong and the oxygen is not adsorbed. When the air is pressurized, the nitrogen in the air can be adsorbed, the unabsorbed oxygen is collected into a gas collecting chamber at the lower end of the adsorption tower. After the set intake cycle is completed, the adsorption tower A ends the intake to produce oxygen and enters the nitrogen removal process, while the other adsorption tower B enters the nitrogen removal process simultaneously, and uses the oxygen separated from the adsorption tower B to reverse blow the adsorption tower A, the nitrogen adsorbed by molecular sieve in adsorption tower A is blown back into the ambient air, and the nitrogen can be adsorbed again at the next pressurization to make oxygen. The whole process is dynamic and cyclic, and molecular sieve is not consumed. In this way, high concentration of oxygen can be obtained at the outlet of the adsorption tower. PSA (pressure swing adsorption) technology is called because of the characteristic of adsorbents which change with the pressure, so the adsorbents can be adsorbed alternately.
Scope of application
Oxygen therapy or relieving all kinds of discomfort caused by Hypoxia.

Main Structure
The product is composed of host, flow meter, Humidifier bottle, oxygen absorption tube, oxygen absorption mask and atomizer.
Safety Precautions
1. The Oxygen Concentrator uses AC power with a rated voltage of 110V / 60HZ or 220V / 50 HZ,
2. If something enters into the machine, please stop immediately, unplug the power supply, and ask professional check it.
3. If you do not use machine for a long time, please do not put the plug in the power socket.
4. It should be used under the guidance of a doctor, and used in accordance with the doctor's recommendations for oxygen inhalation time and oxygen consumption. Excessive use of high-purity oxygen has toxic and side effects on the human body. Users should follow the doctor's instructions to adjust the oxygen flow scale before use.
5.In order to prevent the possible faults or sudden power failure of Oxygen Concentrator, the person in need of oxygen or the seriously ill patient must be equipped with other standby oxygen supply devices
6.Do not use lubricating oil, grease and other similar materials for the Oxygen Concentrator.
7. Do not use Oxygen Concentrator in a confined space.
8.After each using, the Oxygen Concentrator should be turn off for 2 minutes before using again
9.Children are not allowed to operate the machine alone
10.The Oxygen Concentrator should not be used in too humid environment, otherwise it will shorten the service life of oxygen production system
11.The amount of water in the humidification bottle must be maintained between 1/3 and 1/2 of the humidification bottle
12.Oxygen can support combustion. When using the oxygen generator, keep away from the open flame for more than 5 meters and from the heat source for more than 1 meter
13.Patients with mental illness and cognitive impairment cannot operate alone, and should be used under the supervision of hospital staff
14.Oxygen treatment for premature infants should be carried out by medical staff according to the physical conditions of the premature infants, with a reasonable oxygen concentration and oxygen use time, and testing the process of oxygen use.
15.The dosage and usage of the drug for nebulization inhalation should be according to the instructions of the doctor
16.This product is forbidden to use suspension, high viscosity, suspension and high concentration medicinal solution.
17.The liquid drug is incompatible with PVC, ABS, PP, PE and this product is prohibited.
18. The atomization function of this product is driven by compressed air, not by oxygen.
19. According to the doctor's advice, pour an appropriate amount of medicine into the nebulizer cup, and do not exceed the large scale mark.

Please read this instruction manual carefully before use to ensure that you can fully use all the functions of the instrument and ensure safe use.

NLS-research is a promising method of sports trauma diagnostics

Well timed diagnostics and correct evaluation of damaged tissues condition at athletic injury is a basis of adequate therapy.

Nonlinear diagnostics (NLS) in revealing of athletic injuries is the new, still poorly spread method. Other methods of ray visualization in diagnostics of a sports trauma have their own disadvantages. So, roentgenography at muscles affection is less informative, availability of a computer tomography (x-ray and MRI) is limited due to high cost and duration of a research. Radiation exposure should also be taken into account when we speak about x-ray methods of research. Thus, NLS-diagnostics, thanks to its informativity, harmlessness, availability, possibility of repeated application for dynamic control, mobility (with portable NLS-scanners), is a promising technique of muscles traumas diagnostics. A possibility of minimum-invasive diagnostic and medical interventions under NLS-control should also be noted.

At the present day a common classification of muscles traumas is not available. But we believe, that among many existing, the most comprehensible is V. Krejci and P. Koch classification (1976), which precisely displays pathomorphological substratum of affection.

According to V. Krejci and P. Koch classification, muscles traumas are divided into three groups:

1. A stretching of muscles with anatomic damage of integrity of one or several muscles fibers and muscular stretching, when elasticity limit is reached;

2. Partial muscles with severe damage of integrity of muscles fibers fascicles;

3. Complete rupture of muscles.

Before introduction of NLS-research, diagnostics of complete ruptures of muscles was not difficult, but damages related to 1st and 2nd groups of the above classification, came to light, as a rule, during surgeries.

Diagnostics of microtraumas requires special attention, as these damages are often underestimated because of minor clinical manifestations, however, despite their “microsize” and “microclinic”, they can result in changes (sometimes irreversible), preventing perfection in sports. A microtrauma can lead to increase of damage rate and transition to severe trauma, when appropriate measures are not taken.

Thus, timely diagnostics of sports muscles traumas with application of affordable noninvasive methods is a topical problem.

 NLS-research with NLS-ultramicroscanning is a promising method of sports trauma diagnostics, allowing to reveal the damages of muscles which are not diagnosed by other methods; and also it can be used as a way of navigation for minimum invasive medical interventions.

Website:http://www.qrmachina.com

3D NLS plays an important role in bladder tumors

3D NLS plays an important role in bladder tumors
Malignant urinary bladder tumors fill 8th position in male and 18th position in female patients within the structure of oncological diseases. Urinary bladder tumor is in the 4th position among oncourological diseases according to the absolute rate of growth (the first three positions are: prostate cancer, renal cancer and testicular cancer). The multiplicity of rudiments and frequent recuring is characteristic for the tumors of urinary bladder.

 

In all the countries in majority of cases (90-95%) the tumors of urinary bladder are morphologically transient cell carcinomas; the rest of cases relate to squamous cell cancer and adenocarcinoma. Non-epithelial tumors consist less than 1%.

 

Computer tomography, magnetic resonance tomography and transurethral ultrasonic examination are mainly used over the last years as corrective diagnostics methods to determine the depth of urinary bladder tumor invasion. According to the information provided by Nesterova V. and others the recent method of 3D NLS-research may become crucial both when specifying the prevalence rate of bladder cancer and when performing case monitoring. Such advantages of the method as availability, painlessness and absence of radiation exposure allow performing multiple researches when carrying out case monitoring.

 

Tumor may be singular but tumors of urinary bladder most frequently have multifocal growth type up to total affection of the whole bladder. Detailed examination of all bladder walls is necessary because of this. Sizes, shape, chromogenecy and intensity of nodules invasion into the wall may be different in case of multifocal growth.

Major problems when performing NLS-research are faced when diagnosing the invasion into the submucous layer or when diagnosing the onset of invasion into the muscular layer. Spectral-entropy analysis often allows solving of such problems.

Tumors (especially endophytic ones) which affect major part of bladder wall may cause its sharp size reduction (microcystis). Small bladder capacity in such patients and also in patients who were surgically treated (often repeated due to repeated relapses) may complicate the detection of tumor’s invasion depth.

 

The ingrowth into prostate gland is typical for tumors of urinary bladder located in the area of urinary triangle; and ingrowth into urinary bladder wall is typical for prostate gland tumors. Differential diagnostics of organ affiliation of prostate gland and urinary bladder tumors in case of ultramicroscanning has no real difficulties in 95% of patients. Although there may appear some diagnostic difficulties if the process is locally advanced and when urinary bladder in the area of urinary triangle and prostate gland (in rare cases when multifocal tumoral affection of both organs is present) are involved into this process.

In majority of cases the clinical picture in such patients does not allow performing differential diagnostics. Regardless of primary tumor localization there is distinct ankylurethria, often chronic urine retention (especially if the tumor developed in patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia), pain syndrome and macrohaematuria. Clinical picture does not exclude the possibility of prostate cancer and normal level of prostate-specific antigen. The increase of prostate-specific antigen is not an absolute diagnostic indicator of prostate cancer; although prostate-specific antigen is an organo-specific glycoproteid it is not OncoMarker itself.

 

The most statistically reliable method of NLS-research in case of urinary bladder tumors is an ultramicroscopic research with the usу of spectral-entropy analysis. Such method provides the detection of the tumor less than 3 mm., specifies its localization and in case of its invasive form it allows specifying its proportion in relation to adjacent organs and tissues. It is possible to examine the layers of bladder wall in all patients when using 3D NLS-ultramicroscopic research. We use spectral-entropy analysis in case of any process localization in urinary bladder after performance of ultramicroscopic research. Only endocavitary ultramicroscopic research is the most effective method for examination of all tumor aniages in case of multicentric growth.

 

The visualization of small sized formations (less than 4 mm.) is complicated in case of common non-scaling NLS-research; in more rarely cases the visualization of larger tumors located on the frontal urinary bladder wall is complicated. Performance of spectral-entropy analysis with ultramicroscanning always helps to make correct diagnosis in cases like these. The frontal urinary bladder wall which is put close to an abdominal wall is visualized with considerable zooming in, which allows examining both wall layers and their correlation with tumor nodule..

 

At the present time we are able to use extensively NLS-research of urinary bladder tumors with 3D reconstruction. The method allows visually presentation of the tumor and its correlation with surrounding tissues when making decision on choosing of surgical procedures type, and it allows storing the information in digital format.

 

Information storing provides the possibility for attending doctors to subsequently review the whole 3D information block which gives more objectiveness to 3D NLS-research.

 

Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Analysis-Quantum analyzer

(Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular) Analysis Report Card
Name: Example(Male)	Sex: Male	Age: 40
Figure: 170cm, 65kg Testing Time: 29/10/2019 10:23

Column

Actual Testing Results

Testing Item	Normal Range	Actual Measurement Value	Testing Result
Blood Viscosity	48.264 - 65.371	69.729
Cholesterol Crystal	56.749 - 67.522	66.729
Blood Fat	0.481 - 1.043	1.554
Vascular Resistance	0.327 - 0.937	1.223
Vascular Elasticity	1.672 - 1.978	1.457
Myocardial Blood Demand	0.192 - 0.412	.274
Myocardial Blood Perfusion Volume	4.832 - 5.147	5.068
Myocardial Oxygen Consumption	3.321 - 4.244	3.624
Stroke Volume	1.338 - 1.672	1.348
Left Ventricular Ejection Impedance	0.669 - 1.544	1.387
Left Ventricular Effective Pump Power	1.554 - 1.988	1.783
Coronary Artery Elasticity	1.553 - 2.187	1.882
Coronary Perfusion Pressure	11.719 - 18.418	18.204
Cerebral Blood Vessel Elasticity	0.708 - 1.942	1.381
Brain Tissue Blood Supply Status	6.138 - 21.396	3.947

Reference Standard:	Normal(-)   Mildly Abnormal(+)   Moderately Abnormal(++)   Severely Abnormal(+++)
Blood Viscosity:	48.264-65.371(-)	65.371-69.645(+)
	69.645-73.673(++)	>73.673(+++)
Cholesterol Crystal:	56.749-67.522(-)	67.522-69.447(+)
	69.447-74.927(++)	>74.927 (+++)
Blood Fat:	0.481-1.043(-)	1.043-1.669(+)
	1.669-1.892(++)	>1.892(+++)
Vascular Resistance:	0.327-0.937(-)	0.937-1.543(+)
	1.543-1.857(++)	>1.857(+++)
Vascular Elasticity:	1.672-1.978(-)	1.672-1.511(+)
	1.511-1.047(++)	<1.047(+++)
Myocardial Blood Demand:	0.192-0.412(-)	0.412-0.571(+)
	0.571-0.716(++)	>0.716(+++)
Myocardial Blood Perfusion Volume:	4.832-5.147(-)	4.177-4.832(+)
	4.029-4.177(++)	<4.029(+++)
Myocardial Oxygen Consumption:	3.321-4.244(-)	4.244-5.847(+)
	5.847-6.472(++)	>6.472(+++)
Stroke Volume:	1.338-1.672(-)	0.647-1.338(+)
	0.139-0.647(++)	<0.139(+++)
Left Ventricular Ejection Impedance:	0.669-1.544(-)	1.544-2.037(+)
	2.037-2.417(++)	>2.417(+++)
Left Ventricular Effective Pump Power:	1.554-1.988(-)	1.076-1.554(+)
	0.597-1.076(++)	<0.597(+++)
Coronary Artery Elasticity:	1.553-2.187(-)	1.182-1.553(+)
	0.983-1.182(++)	<0.983(+++)
Coronary Perfusion Pressure:	<8.481(+++)	8.481-11.719(++)
	18.418-21.274(++)	>21.274(+++)
Cerebral Blood Vessel Elasticity:	0.708-1.942(-)	0.431-0.708(+)
	0.109-0.431(++)	<0.109(+++)
Brain Tissue Blood Supply Status:	6.138-21.396(-)	3.219-6.138(+)
	1.214-3.219(++)	<1.214(+++)

Parameter Description

Blood Viscosity(N): The basic indicator of Hemorheology refers to the internal friction among blood molecules.

Hyperviscosity state: Namely, the viscosity of blood is high, and blood flow is affected. Therefore, high blood pressure patients with high viscosity are prone to have cerebrovascular accidents, such as stroke and other phenomena; coronary heart disease patients with high viscosity are prone to have myocardial infarction and so on.

The blood flow in the blood vessels is in a laminar flow state, which is stratified flow. The flow velocity close to the vessel wall is slower, and the flow velocity is fastest in the middle. Thus, the larger the shear rate is, the greater the slope is, the greater the shear stress is, the faster the flow velocity is, and the lower the N is. The smaller the shear rate is, the lower the slope is, the smaller the shear stress is, the lower the flow velocity is, and the higher the N is.

Cholesterol Crystal:

(1) Increase is seen in primary high cholesterol blood, the aura of mild atherosclerosis, blood stagnation type chest pain, phlegm congestion type chest pain, etc.

(2) Reduction is seen in decreased immunity, malnutrition, cardiac insufficiency, Qi and Yin deficiency type chest pain, Yang Qi deficiency type chest pain, etc.

Blood Fat:Blood fat abnormity is divided into primary abnormity and secondary abnormity. 1. Primary Hyperlipoproteinemia: refers to hyperlipoproteinemia caused by the possibility of unknown cause related to certain environmental factors (including diet, nutrition, drugs, etc.), or gene mutations. 2. Secondary Hyperlipoproteinemia: refers to hyperlipidemia caused by certain systemic diseases or drugs, such as hyperlipidemia caused by diabetes, hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, chronic renal failure and acute renal failure and so on.

(1) Increase is seen in idiopathic hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, blood stagnation type chest pain, etc.

(2) Reduction is seen in ferrite decreased immunity, the Qi and Yin deficiency type chest pain, etc.

(3) Decline is seen in decline of cerebral arterial oxygen content and mild ischemic cerebrovascular disease aura.

Vascular Resistance:

Increase is in direct proportion to the length of blood vessels, and is in inverse proportion to the caliber of blood vessels. The increase of vascular resistance is seen in mildly elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mild hypertension, insomnia with deficiency of both heart and spleen, phlegm-heat internal confusion type insomnia, etc.

Decline is seen in mildly declined systolic and diastolic blood pressure, mild hypotension, Yin deficiency and Huo exuberance type insomnia, etc.

Vascular Elasticity:refers to the expansion extent of arterial vascular elasticity during systolic ejection.

Influence Factors: (1) The size of SV. The greater the SV is, the greater the FEK is. (2) Emptying rate. The faster the emptying rate is, the smaller the FEK is. (3) Bad vascular elasticity.

The SV is not low, the emptying rate is not fast, and the FEK is also small, so it is possible to determine the possibility of hardening of blood vessels. It should not determine the possibility by a single parameter. The increase of vascular elasticity is seen in the mildly elevated systolic blood pressure, the mildly reduced diastolic blood pressure, the mildly increased pulse press and slightly higher blood pressure. The decline is seen in mildly atherosclerosis, coronary heart diseases, blood stagnation type chest pain, Yang Qi deficiency type chest pain, etc.

Myocardial Blood Demand:The blood demand per minute of coronary artery perfusion of heart.

Myocardial Blood Perfusion Volume:The actual blood demand per minute of coronary artery perfusion of heart.

Myocardial Oxygen Consumption:The milliliter value of oxygen consumption of heart per minute.

Influence Factors: Three aspects (1) Heart rate: the heart rate is fast, and the HOV is great. (2)(2) Myocardial contractility: the cardiac contractility is strong, and the HOV is great. (3) Myocardial contraction time: the longer the contraction time is, the greater the HOV is. Thus, low oxygen consumption and high cardiac work are the best state.

Stroke Volume:The blood volume output by the heart in beat each time.

Influence Factors: Five aspects (1) The effective circulating blood volume (BV): when the blood volume is insufficient, the returned blood volume is little, and the SV is reduced. (2) The weakening of myocardial contractility: the contractility is low, and the pressure is low, so the ejected blood volume is less. (3) The extent of ventricular filling: In range of myocardial elasticity, the greater the degree of filling is, the stronger the retraction is, and the SV is increased. The normal heart chamber capacity is 173ml, but not all of the blood is ejected. The blood volume in the left ventricle is about 60% -70% of the total capacity, being about 125ml or so. Usually, the Chinese people's average SV is 80-90ml. (4) The size of peripheral vascular resistance (PR). The PR is large, and then the SV is reduced; the PR is small, and then the SV is increased. (5) Ventricle wall movement.

When the ventricle is contracted, the cardiac muscle is in coordinated movement. If the myocardial contraction is not coordinated, the SV is reduced. For instance, some patients with myocardial infarction have part of infarction, so the myocardial contractility is inconsistent and the SV is reduced. However, under normal circumstances, the ventricle wall movement can not be abnormal.

Left Ventricular Ejection Impedance:reflects the indicators of resistance status of the left ventricular outflow channel.

Influence Factors: (1) The fact whether the outflow channel has lesion. The aortic stenosis and other conditions can make VER increased. (2) The outflow channel has no lesion, while the emptying rate of aortic blood is slow, so VER is increased. (3) The entire vascular resistance is large.

Left Ventricular Effective Pump Power:reflects the contraction strength of effective stroke of blood of the left ventricle.

Normally, the people: 1.8 kilograms. Pump power is low, and contraction is not good, so myocardial fibers may have problems. Pump power is high, and contractility is good, so the ejected blood volume is much.

Influence Factors: Four aspects (1) The extent of ventricular filling: In range of elasticity, the greater the degree of filling is, the stronger the contractility is; the degree of filling and the contractility are in direct proportion. If out of the limit, the myocardial expansion is large, but the contractility is reduced. Thus, the proper degree of filling is a factor influencing the contractility. (2) The effective circulating blood volume (returned blood volume BV): The returned blood volume is little, the filling is insufficiency, and the contractility is small; the returned blood volume is much, the filling is better, and the contractility is strong. (3) The functional status of myocardium itself: The fact whether the myocardium has lesion. For instance, myocarditis. Myocardial cells are damaged, and myocardial elasticity is reduced, so the contractility is lowered. (4) The normal degree of blood and oxygen supply of myocardium itself: The blood and oxygen supply is insufficient, so the contractility is lowered. Myocardial Oxygen Consumption: the milliliter value of oxygen consumption of heart per minute.

Coronary Artery Elasticity:

The source of power of life is the heart, and the blood nourishing the body constantly flows under her impetus. However, she also demands the nourishing of blood. Coronary artery, namely three blood vessels respectively located in the heart, can supply blood and oxygen to her. The coronary artery is the artery special for supplying blood to the heart. If cholesterol and other substances are accumulated in the blood vessels, the vascular cavity will be narrower or be blocked and the blood flow will be smooth and then be blocked to cause cardiac ischemia and a series of symptoms which are coronary heart disease, namely coronary atherosclerosis. Coronary heart disease is also called as coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. The excessive fat deposition results in atherosclerosis and weakened elasticity. The mortality of human on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases induced on the arterial vessel wall has exceeded 1 / 2 of the total mortality of population.

Dangerous factors making the elasticity of coronary artery weakened: high blood fat, smoking, diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, lack of physical activity, Psychological overstrain, family history of coronary heart disease, oral contraceptive, etc.

Coronary Perfusion Pressure:the pressure of coronary artery of heart in blood supply is influenced by diastolic blood pressure and left atria pressure.

Part of myocardial ischemia, insufficient myocardial blood supply and entire myocardial ischemia can lead to myocardial infarction.

Cerebral Blood Vessel Elasticity:

The brain artery or the neck artery controlling the brain has lesion, which leads to disorder of intracranial blood circulation and damage of brain tissue. The elasticity of hardened brain blood vessels is weakened, and the vessel cavity is narrowed, so it is easy to form cerebral thrombosis. After the patients with cerebral arteriosclerosis excessively drink, the blood pressure will be suddenly elevated, the blood vessels will ruptured, so it is prone to form cerebral hemorrhage. After load drinking of alcohol, the concentration of alcohol in blood can reach its peak in a half hour. The alcohol can not only directly stimulate the blood vessel wall to make it lose its elasticity but also stimulate the liver to promote the synthesis of cholesterol and triglyceride,thus leading to atherosclerosis and cerebral atherosclerosis. Cerebrovascular disease can be divided into acute cerebrovascular disease and chronic cerebrovascular disease according to their process. The acute cerebrovascular disease includes trans ient ischemic attack, cerebral thrombosis,cerebral embolism, hypertensive encephalopathy, cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, etc. The chronic cerebrovascular disease includes cerebral arteriosclerosis, cerebrovascular dementia, cerebral artery steal syndrome, Parkinson's disease, etc. The cerebrovascular disease which is known generally refers to the acute cerebrovascular disease. It often endangers the human life due to acute incidence, so it is easy to cause the attention. The chronic cerebrovascular disease is easy to be ignored by people due to its long course.

Brain Tissue Blood Supply Status:

Brain tissue blood supply mainly depends on the brain artery or the neck artery controlling the brain. Cerebrovascular diseases can be divided into two categories according to their nature, one is the ischemic cerebrovascular disease and the other one is the hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease. There are many cases about the ischemic cerebrovascular disease in clinic, the patients account for 70% ~ 80% of all patients with cerebrovascular disease. Due to cerebral arteriosclerosis and other reasons, the vessel cavity of brain artery is narrowed, the blood flow is reduced or completely blocked, the brain blood circulation is disordered, and the brain tissue is damaged,so a series of symptoms occur. The hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease is mainly caused by long-term high blood pressure, congenital cerebral vascular malformation and other factors.Due to blood vessel rupturing, blood spilling, oppression on brain tissue and blocked blood circulation, the patients often show increased intracranial pressure, disorientation and other symptoms. Thus, the patients account for about 20% ~ 30% of all patients with cerebrovascular disease.

The test results for reference only and not as a diagnostic conclusion.